Konseptualisasi Karakter Wirausaha: Studi Literatur
Keywords:
Psikologi kewirausahaan, pendekatan sifat, karakter wirausaha, konstruksi alat ukurAbstract
Pandangan tradisional memahami kewirausahaan sebagai aktivitas
bisnis dan ekonomi semata. Dalam konsep terbaru, kewirausahaan
bersifat multidimensional dan dapat didekati dari berbagai perspektif
bidang ilmu. Psikologi pada khususnya berusaha memahami proses
mental dan perilaku wirausaha, menekankan adanya dimensi sosialpsikologis
dari aktivitas wirausaha. Psikologi mendekati
kewirausahaan salah satunya dengan pendekatan sifat untuk
mengungkap karakter kepribadian individu wirausahawan yang
berperan dalam keberhasilan ataupun kegagalan bisnis. Penelitian ini
bertujuan membangun konsep karakter wirausaha berdasarkan kajian
terhadap literatur-literatur psikologi kewirausahaan terkini. Penelitian
ini merupakan tahap pertama dari studi pengembangan Skala
Karakter Wirausaha di UM Magelang. Berdasarkan studi literatur
psikologi, ditemukan empat ciri kepribadian yang menonjol pada diri
seorang wirausahawan, yaitu: motivasi berprestasi, keinovatifan,
kecenderungan mengambil risiko, kemandirian, dan efikasi diri.
Penelitian ini membangun konsep kelima karakter tersebut
berdasarkan teori dan riset-riset sebelumnya dan alat ukur yang sudah
ada. Konseptualisasi karakter wirausaha ini merupakan dasar
merancang Skala Karakter Wirausaha yang dapat digunakan untuk
pengumpulan data dalam penelitian-penelitian psikologi
kewirausahaan dan pengembangan pendidikan wirausaha di
Indonesia.
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