Research and Innovations in Products Quality Improvement of Short Rotation Woods for Industry 4.0
Abstract
Juvenile portion of tree stem surrounding the pith is characterized by a progressive change in cell features and wood properties (Panshin and de Zeeuw 1980). In comparison with mature wood, juvenile wood is made of smaller and shorter fibers with thinner walls and larger microfibril angles, lower density, and lower strength properties (Clark et al. 2006; Gryc et al. 2011; Koubaa et al. 2005: Adamopoulus et al. 2007; Evans et al. 2000). It is well known that characteristics of juvenile wood contribute to undesirable solid wood properties. Juvenile wood is not substandard for products such as newsprint and quality printing paper (Zobel 1984). However, it may cause serious problems for quality products, especially veneer or solid wood products. This is due to its low bending strength and dimensional instability upon drying. Juvenile wood of black locust had on average significantly lower static bending strength (MOR, and MOE), dynamic strength, and toughness strength than the mature wood (Adamopoulus et al. 2007). One of the most serious problems in drying and utilization of young plantation grown conifers was warp in the form of twist, crook and bow (Kliger 2001; Johansson and Kliger 2002). One possible means to reduce the negative impact of juvenile wood is to select for an earlier transition age from juvenile to mature wood.
References
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Adamopoulos S, Passialis C, Voulgaridis E (2007) Strength properties of juvenile and mature wood in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Wood and Fiber Science, 39 (2) : 241-249
Adamopoulos S, Karageorgos A, Passialis C, Chavenetidou M (2011) Mathematical approach for defining juvenile-mature wood transition zone in black locust and chestnut. Wood and Fiber Science, 43 (3) : 336-342
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Clark A, Richard F, Daniels, Jordan L (2006) Juvenile mature wood transition in loblolly pine as defined by annual ring specific gravity, proportion of latewood, and microfibril angle. Wood and Fiber Science, 38 (2) : 292-299
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Gryc V, Vavrcik H, Horn K (2011) Density of juvenile and mature wood of selected coniferous species. Journal of Forest Science, 57 (3): 123–130
Johansson M, Kliger R (2002) Influence of material characteristics on warp in Norway spruce studs. Wood Fibre Science 34(2): 325-336
Kliger R (2001) Spiral grain on logs under bark reveals twist prone raw material. Forest Products Journal, 51(6): 67-73
Koubaa A, Isabel N, Shu Yin Z, Beaulieu J, Bousquet J (2005) Transition from juvenile to mature wood in black spruce (Picea Mariana (MILL.). Wood and Fiber Science, 37 (3) : 445-455
Kretschmann DE, Bendtsen BA (1992) Ultimate tensile stress and modulus of elasticity of fastgrown plantation loblolly pine lumber. Wood and Fiber Science. 24(2): 189-203.
Martawijya A, Kartasujana I, Kadir K, Prawira S (2005) Atlas Kayu Indonesia. Forest Products Research Institute, Bogor
MacPeak MD, Burkart LF, Weldon D (1990) Comparison of grade, yield, and mechanical properties of lumber produced from young fast-grown and older slow-grown planted slash pine. Forest Products Journal, 40(1): 11-14.
Mora CR, Lee Allen H, Daniels RF, Clark A (2007) Modeling corewood-outerwood transition in loblolly pine using wood specific gravity. Can. J. For. Res. 37 : 999-1011
Mutz R, Guilley E, Sauter UH, Nepveu G (2004) Modelling juvenile-mature wood transition in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using nonlinear mixed-effects models. Ann. For. Sci. 61 : 831–841
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Zobel BJ (1984) The changing quality of the world wood supply. Wood Sci. Technol. 18 : 1–17
Acevedo, A., Bustos, C., Lasserre, J.P., Gacitua, W., 2012. Nose bar pressure effect in the lathe check morphology to Eucalyptus nitens veneers. Maderas, Cienc. Tecnol. 14 (3), 289-301.
Bao, F. C., Jiang, Z. H., Jiang, X. M., Lu, X. X., Lou, X. Q., Zhang, S. Y., 2001. Differences in wood properties between juvenile wood and mature wood in 10 species grown in China. Journal of Wood Science and Technology. 35 (4), 363-375
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Cumming, J.D., Collett, B.M., 1970. Determining lathe settings for optimum veneer quality. Forest Prod. J. 20 (11), 20-27.
Daoui, A., Descamps, C., Marchal, R., Zerizer, A., 2011. Influence of veneer quality on beech LVL mechanical properties. Maderas Ciencia Tecnol. 13(1):69-83
Darmawan, W., Nandika, D., Rahayu, I., Fournier, M., Marchal, R., 2013. Determination of juvenile and mature transition ring for fast growing sengon and jabon wood. J Indian Acad Wood Sci. 10 (1), 39-47
DeVallance, D.B., Funck, J.W., Reeb, J.E., 2007. Douglas-fir plywood gluebond quality as influenced by veneer roughness, lathe checks, and annual ring characteristics. Forest Prod. J. 57 (1/2), 21-28
Dundar, T., Akbulut, T., Korkut,S., 2008a. The effects of some manufacturing factors on surface roughness of sliced Makore´ (Tieghemella heckelii Pierre Ex A.Chev.) and rotary-cut beech (Fagus orientalis L.) Veneers. Building and Environment 43 (2008) 469–474
Dundar, T., As, N., Korkut, S., Unsal, O., 2008b. The effect of boiling time on the surface roughness
of rotary-cut veneers from oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.). Journal of materials processing
technology 199 (2008) 119–123
Dupleix, A., Denaud, L., Bleron, L., Marchal, R., Hughes, M., 2012. The effect of log heating temperature on the peeling process and veneer quality: beech, birch, and spruce case studies. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 71 (2), 63-171
JAS SE 11 No. 237, 2003. Japanese agricultural standard for structural laminated veneer lumber. Japanese Agricultural Standard Association
Jorgensen, R. N., 1968. Steam bending of Hickory. Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Kilic, Y., Colak, M., Baysal, E., Burdurlu, E., 2006. An investigation of some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber manufactured from black alder (Alnus glutinosa) glued with polyvinyl acetate and polyurethane adhesives. Forest Prod. J. (56), 56-59.
Kollmann, F., Kuenzi, E.W., Stamm, A.J., 1975. Principles of wood science and technology II, wood
based materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York, pp. 123-132.
Krisnawati, H., Varis, E., Kallio, M., Kanninen, M., 2011. Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen: ecology, silviculture and productivity. CIFOR, Bogor, pp 1-23.
Lutz, J.F., 1974. Techniques for peeling slicing, and drying veneer. USDA Forest Service Research Paper FPL 228.
Martawijya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Prawira, S., 2005. Atlas Kayu Indonesia. Forest Products Research Institute, Bogor
Palka, L.C., Holmes, B., 1973. Effect of log diameter and clearance angle on the peel quality of 0.125-inch-thick Douglas-fir veneer. Forest Prod. J. 23 (7), 33-41.
Palka, L.C., 1974. Veneer cutting review - factors affecting and models describing the process. Canadian Forestry Service, Western Forest Products Laboratory, Information Report VP-X-135, pp 1 – 54
Palubicki B., Marchal, R., Butaud, J.C., Denaud, L.E., Bleron, L., Collet, R., Kowaluk, G. 2010. A method of lathe checks measurement: SMOF device and its software. Eur J Wood Prod 68(2):151–159
Rohumaa, A., Hunt, C. G., Hughes, M., Frihart, C. R., Logren, J., 2013. The influence of lathe check depth and orientation on the bond quality of phenol-formaldehyde – bonded birch plywood. Holzforschung, DOI 10.1515/hf-2012-0161
Suh, J.S., Kim, S.K., 1988. Effects of softwood log pretreatments on the veneer peeling-, drying properties and plywood properties. The Research Reports of the Forestry Research Institute. 37, 63-71
Tanritanir, E., Hiziroglu, S., As, N., 2006. Effect of steaming time on surface roughness of beech veneer. Build. Environ. 41, 1494–1497.
Adamopoulos S, Passialis C, Voulgaridis E (2007) Strength properties of juvenile and mature wood in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Wood and Fiber Science, 39 (2) : 241-249
Adamopoulos S, Karageorgos A, Passialis C, Chavenetidou M (2011) Mathematical approach for defining juvenile-mature wood transition zone in black locust and chestnut. Wood and Fiber Science, 43 (3) : 336-342
Biblis EJ (1990) Properties and grade yield of lumber from a 27-year-old slash pine plantation. Forest Products Journal, 40 (3): 21-24.
Clark A, Richard F, Daniels, Jordan L (2006) Juvenile mature wood transition in loblolly pine as defined by annual ring specific gravity, proportion of latewood, and microfibril angle. Wood and Fiber Science, 38 (2) : 292-299
Evans J, Senft JF, Green DW (2000) Juvenile wood effect in red alder: analysis of physical and mechanical data to delineate juvenile and mature wood zones, For. Prod. J. 50 : 75–87
Gryc V, Vavrcik H, Horn K (2011) Density of juvenile and mature wood of selected coniferous species. Journal of Forest Science, 57 (3): 123–130
Johansson M, Kliger R (2002) Influence of material characteristics on warp in Norway spruce studs. Wood Fibre Science 34(2): 325-336
Kliger R (2001) Spiral grain on logs under bark reveals twist prone raw material. Forest Products Journal, 51(6): 67-73
Koubaa A, Isabel N, Shu Yin Z, Beaulieu J, Bousquet J (2005) Transition from juvenile to mature wood in black spruce (Picea Mariana (MILL.). Wood and Fiber Science, 37 (3) : 445-455
Kretschmann DE, Bendtsen BA (1992) Ultimate tensile stress and modulus of elasticity of fastgrown plantation loblolly pine lumber. Wood and Fiber Science. 24(2): 189-203.
Martawijya A, Kartasujana I, Kadir K, Prawira S (2005) Atlas Kayu Indonesia. Forest Products Research Institute, Bogor
MacPeak MD, Burkart LF, Weldon D (1990) Comparison of grade, yield, and mechanical properties of lumber produced from young fast-grown and older slow-grown planted slash pine. Forest Products Journal, 40(1): 11-14.
Mora CR, Lee Allen H, Daniels RF, Clark A (2007) Modeling corewood-outerwood transition in loblolly pine using wood specific gravity. Can. J. For. Res. 37 : 999-1011
Mutz R, Guilley E, Sauter UH, Nepveu G (2004) Modelling juvenile-mature wood transition in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using nonlinear mixed-effects models. Ann. For. Sci. 61 : 831–841
Panshin AJ, De Zeeuw C (1980) Textbook of wood technology : Structure, Identifi cation, Properties and Uses of the Commercial Woods of the United States and Canada, 4rd ed.McGraw Hill, New York. NY
SAS Institute (1990) SAS Procedures Guide, Vol. 2, Version 6, 4th ed., SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1990.
Sauter UH, Mutz R, Munro D (1999) Determining juvenile-mature wood transition in scots pine using latewood density. Wood Fiber Sci. 31(4):416–425
TAPPI (1991) Tappi Test Methods: Morphological characteristics of pulp fiber under microscope (T 401 om-88). Tappi Press, Atlanta, Georgia
Tasissa G, Burkhart HE (1998) Juvenile-mature wood demarcations in loblolly pine trees. Wood Fiber Sci. 30 (1998) 119?127.
Zobel BJ (1984) The changing quality of the world wood supply. Wood Sci. Technol. 18 : 1–17
Acevedo, A., Bustos, C., Lasserre, J.P., Gacitua, W., 2012. Nose bar pressure effect in the lathe check morphology to Eucalyptus nitens veneers. Maderas, Cienc. Tecnol. 14 (3), 289-301.
Bao, F. C., Jiang, Z. H., Jiang, X. M., Lu, X. X., Lou, X. Q., Zhang, S. Y., 2001. Differences in wood properties between juvenile wood and mature wood in 10 species grown in China. Journal of Wood Science and Technology. 35 (4), 363-375
Cumming, J.D., Fischer, C., Dickinson, F.E., 1969. Rotary veneer cutting characteristics of younggrowth redwood. Forest Prod. J.19 (11),26-30
Cumming, J.D., Collett, B.M., 1970. Determining lathe settings for optimum veneer quality. Forest Prod. J. 20 (11), 20-27.
Daoui, A., Descamps, C., Marchal, R., Zerizer, A., 2011. Influence of veneer quality on beech LVL mechanical properties. Maderas Ciencia Tecnol. 13(1):69-83
Darmawan, W., Nandika, D., Rahayu, I., Fournier, M., Marchal, R., 2013. Determination of juvenile and mature transition ring for fast growing sengon and jabon wood. J Indian Acad Wood Sci. 10 (1), 39-47
DeVallance, D.B., Funck, J.W., Reeb, J.E., 2007. Douglas-fir plywood gluebond quality as influenced by veneer roughness, lathe checks, and annual ring characteristics. Forest Prod. J. 57 (1/2), 21-28
Dundar, T., Akbulut, T., Korkut,S., 2008a. The effects of some manufacturing factors on surface roughness of sliced Makore´ (Tieghemella heckelii Pierre Ex A.Chev.) and rotary-cut beech (Fagus orientalis L.) Veneers. Building and Environment 43 (2008) 469–474
Dundar, T., As, N., Korkut, S., Unsal, O., 2008b. The effect of boiling time on the surface roughness
of rotary-cut veneers from oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.). Journal of materials processing
technology 199 (2008) 119–123
Dupleix, A., Denaud, L., Bleron, L., Marchal, R., Hughes, M., 2012. The effect of log heating temperature on the peeling process and veneer quality: beech, birch, and spruce case studies. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 71 (2), 63-171
JAS SE 11 No. 237, 2003. Japanese agricultural standard for structural laminated veneer lumber. Japanese Agricultural Standard Association
Jorgensen, R. N., 1968. Steam bending of Hickory. Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Kilic, Y., Colak, M., Baysal, E., Burdurlu, E., 2006. An investigation of some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber manufactured from black alder (Alnus glutinosa) glued with polyvinyl acetate and polyurethane adhesives. Forest Prod. J. (56), 56-59.
Kollmann, F., Kuenzi, E.W., Stamm, A.J., 1975. Principles of wood science and technology II, wood
based materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York, pp. 123-132.
Krisnawati, H., Varis, E., Kallio, M., Kanninen, M., 2011. Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen: ecology, silviculture and productivity. CIFOR, Bogor, pp 1-23.
Lutz, J.F., 1974. Techniques for peeling slicing, and drying veneer. USDA Forest Service Research Paper FPL 228.
Martawijya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Prawira, S., 2005. Atlas Kayu Indonesia. Forest Products Research Institute, Bogor
Palka, L.C., Holmes, B., 1973. Effect of log diameter and clearance angle on the peel quality of 0.125-inch-thick Douglas-fir veneer. Forest Prod. J. 23 (7), 33-41.
Palka, L.C., 1974. Veneer cutting review - factors affecting and models describing the process. Canadian Forestry Service, Western Forest Products Laboratory, Information Report VP-X-135, pp 1 – 54
Palubicki B., Marchal, R., Butaud, J.C., Denaud, L.E., Bleron, L., Collet, R., Kowaluk, G. 2010. A method of lathe checks measurement: SMOF device and its software. Eur J Wood Prod 68(2):151–159
Rohumaa, A., Hunt, C. G., Hughes, M., Frihart, C. R., Logren, J., 2013. The influence of lathe check depth and orientation on the bond quality of phenol-formaldehyde – bonded birch plywood. Holzforschung, DOI 10.1515/hf-2012-0161
Suh, J.S., Kim, S.K., 1988. Effects of softwood log pretreatments on the veneer peeling-, drying properties and plywood properties. The Research Reports of the Forestry Research Institute. 37, 63-71
Tanritanir, E., Hiziroglu, S., As, N., 2006. Effect of steaming time on surface roughness of beech veneer. Build. Environ. 41, 1494–1497.
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2019-03-09
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Darmawan, W. (2019). Research and Innovations in Products Quality Improvement of Short Rotation Woods for Industry 4.0. Prosiding University Research Colloquium, K.24. Retrieved from https://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/570
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