Efektivitas Pemberian Self-Management Education terhadap Perilaku Perawataran Diri dan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Tk III dr. Soetarto Yogyakarta
Keywords:
Kadar Gula Darah, Perilaku Perawatan Diri, Self Management EducationAbstract
Diabetes Melitus (DM) sebagai penyakit atau gangguan metabolik kronis tetap menjadi isu kesehatan global dan angka kejadiannya terus meningkat di banyak negara termasuk Indonesia. Hasil Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi diabetes masih tinggi (11,7%) berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah. Tingkat prevalensi diabetes menurut diagnosis dokter serta hasil pemeriksaan gula darah di tahun 2023 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan prevalensi di tahun 2018. Prevalensi DM menurut provinsi menunjukkan bahwa D.I. Yogyakarta adalah provinsi dengan angka tertinggi di Indonesia pada tahun 2023 yaitu 2,9%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pendidikan self-management terhadap perilaku perawatan diri dan kadar gula darah puasa pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di rumah sakit KT II Dr. Soetarto Yogyakarta. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan metode kuasi-eksperimental dengan desain pretes postest dan kontrol. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 48 orang pasien yang menderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah 16 orang pada kelompok eksperimen dan 16 orang pada kelompok kontrol. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES) dan bahan acara penyuluhan (SAP). Analisis data menggunakan metode uji t berpasangan dan uji t independen. Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa perilaku perawatan diri sebelum penerapan pendidikan self-management berada pada kategori sedang (68,8%) dan setelah edukasi menjadi kategori tinggi (93,8%). Tingkat gula darah sebelum pelaksanaan pendidikan self-management untuk diabetes adalah 93,8%, dan sesudah edukasi, juga dalam kategori diabetes, mencapai 56,3%. Terdapat dampak dari pemberian edukasi manajemen diri terhadap perubahan perilaku perawatan diri sebelum dan setelah edukasi (P=0,000). Terdapat dampak dari pemberian edukasi self-management terhadap perubahan kadar gula darah sebelum dan setelah proses edukasi (P=0,000). Pemberian pendidikan manajemen diri terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan perilaku perawatan diri (P=0,011) dan juga efektif dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah (P=0,032). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pendidikan manajemen diri efektif dalam mengurangi perilaku perawatan diri dan tingkat gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit TK III DR. Soetarto Yogyakarta.
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