Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Multiresisten Antibiotik
Keywords:
Antibakteri, Kelengkeng, S. aureusAbstract
Resistensi atau kekebalan bakteri terhadap antibiotik telah menjadi ancaman global. Jika masalah ini tidak segera diatasi, jutaan orang berisiko meninggal setiap tahun akibat infeksi bakteri resisten. Salah satu bakteri yang diprioritaskan oleh World Health Organisation (WHO) untuk segera ditemukan antibakterinya adalah Staphylococcus aureus resisten metisilin. Untuk mencegah tingginya angka kematian akibat bakteri resisten, masalah resistensi ini harus segera ditanggulangi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengeksplorasi tanaman untuk menemukan senyawa yang mampu melawan bakteri resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan) dan fraksi-fraksinya terhadap S. aureus multiresisten antibiotik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi senyawa dari daun kelengkeng menggunakan etanol 70%, kemudian ekstrak difraksinasi menggunakan heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Staphylococcus aureus diuji sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik sefoksitin, vankomisin, dan linezolid. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan fraksinya diuji menggunakan metode difusi disk. Senyawa yang terkandung dalam fraksi etil asetat diidentifikasi menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) sedangkan senyawa aktif antibakteri ditentukan menggunakan metode bioautografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa S. aureus bersifat resisten terhadap sefoksitin, vankomisin, dan linezolid. Ekstrak etanol daun kelengkeng, fraksi air, fraksi heksan, dan fraksi etil asetat mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus multiresisten antibiotik dengan fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi. Hasil KLT menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat mengandung senyawa flavonoid, fenolik, dan alkaloid sedangkan senyawa aktif antibakteri belum dapat ditentukan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun kelengkeng mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus multiresisten antibiotik dan berpotensi untuk dieksplorasi lebih lanjut sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi resistensi bakteri.
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