Senyawa Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Farmakologis pada Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum): Review
Keywords:
Jahe merah, Senyawa fitokimia, Aktivitas farmakologisAbstract
Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) merupakan tanaman obat yang pertama kali dibudidayakan di Asia salah satunya di Indonesia. Jahe merah lebih banyak digunakan sebagai obat karena mengandung minyak atsiri dan oleoresin tertinggi dibandingkan tipe jahe lainnya sehingga lebih ampuh menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas farmakologis pada jahe merah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dari beberapa sumber referensi terkait. Senyawa fitokimia jahe merah yang berhasil dilaporkan adalah karbohidrat, lemak, terpene, dan senyawa fenolik. Senyawa fenolik pada jahe merah adalah gingerol, shogaol, paradol, quercetin, zingeron, gingerenon-A dan 6- dehidrogingerdion. Aktivitas farmakologis jahe merah yang telah dilaporkan untuk berbagai pengobatan yaitu sebagai antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antimikroba, neuroproteksi, analgesik, sitotoksik, antiemetik, dan antiobesitas.
References
[1] B. Wiboworini, J. Sudarsono, Widardo, A. Shabrina, R.D.A. Lanti, A.A. Aughustina, D. Rahayu, R. Myrtha, S.S. Handayani. “Pembuatan minuman herbal sedernaha dari jahe untuk mendukung imunitas melawan Covid-19,” Smart Society Empowerment Journal, vol 1, no. 3, pp. 108-112. 2021.
[2] E. R. Syaputri, G.H. Selaras, S.A. Farma. “Manfaat tanaman jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebagai obat obatan tradisional (tradisional medicine),” Prisiding SEMNAS BIO Universitas Negeri Padang, vol. 1, pp. 579-586. 2021.
[3] P.P.B. Pairul, Susianti, S.H. Nasution. “Jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebagai antiulserogenik,” Medula, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 42-46. 2017.
[4] R.A. Gunawan. 2018. “Produktivitas dan kualitas tiga varietas jahe pada berbagai tingkat intenstias cahaya di bawah tegakan tusam,” Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-13. 2018.
[5] BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia). “Statistik Tanaman Biofarmaka Indonesia,” Jakarta, BPS. 2018.
[6] A. Sholikhati, L. Farikhah, M. Ridwanto. “Antioxidant effect in red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) extract during the Covid-19 pandemic,” The 8th International Conference on Public Health, pp. 1157-1162. 2021.
[7] A.N. Kaban, DC. Saleh. “Uji fitokimia, toksisitas dan aktivitas antioksidan fraksi nheksan dan etil asetat terhadap ekstrak jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum),” Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 24-28. 2016
[8] R.D. Supu, A. Diantini, J. Levita. “Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum): Its chemical constituens, pharmacological activities and safety,” Fitofarmaka Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 25-31. 2018.
[9] Q.Q. Mao, X.Y. Xu, S.Y. Cao, R.Y. Gan, H. Corke, T. Beta, H.B. Li. 2019. “Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe),” Foods, vol. 8, pp. 185. 2019.
[10] I.E. Herawati, N.M. Saptarini. 2019. “Fikokimia pada jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Sunti Val),” Majalah Farmasetika, 4(1): 22-27. 2019.
[11] P.T. Lamtiur. “Manfaat jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) terhadap Kadar Asam Urat,” J. Agromed Unila, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 530-535. 2015.
[12] D. Sari, A. Nasuha. “Kandungan zat gizi, fitokimia, dan aktivitas farmakologis pada jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.): review,” Tropical Bioscience, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 11-18. 2021.
[13] I.S. Rohyani, E. Aryanti, Suripto. “Potensi nilai gizi tumbuhan pangan lokal Pulau Lombok sebagai basis penguatan ketahanan pangan nasional,” Jurnal Sains Teknologi dan Lingkungan, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 43-47. 2015.
[14] G.P. Yustika. “Peranan karbohidrat dan serat pangan untuk pemain sepak bola,” Jurnal Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 49-56. 2018.
[15] N. Fuada, B. Setyawati, Salimar, R. Purwandari. “Hubungan pengetahuan makanan sumber zat besi dengan status anemia pada ibu hamil,” MGMI, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 49- 60. 2019.
[16] S. Prasad, K.A. Tyagi. 2015. “Ginger and its constituents: role in prvention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer,” Gastroenterology Research and Practice, pp. 1- 12. 2015.
[17] H. Wohlmuth, D.N. Leach, M.K. Smith, S.P. Myers. “Gingerol content of diploid and tetraploid clones of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe),” J. Agric. Food Chem, vol. 53, no. 14, pp. 5772–5778. 2015.
[18] S. Bhattarai, H.V. Tran, D.C. Duke. “The Stability of gingerol and shogaol in aqueous solution,” Journal of Pharmacetical Sciences, vol. 90, pp. 1658-1664. 2001.
[19] T. Rinanda, R.P. Isnanda, Zulfitri. “Chemical analysis of red ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe var rubrum) essensial oil and its anti-biofilm activity against Candida albicans,” Natural Product Communications, vol. 13, no. 12 pp. 1587-1590. 2018.
[20] S. Dharma, E.S. Adelinda, N. Suharti. “Uji efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol rimpang jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) pada tikus putih,” J. Farmasigea, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 79- 84. 2016.
[21] B.D. Roufogalis. “Zingiber officinale (ginger): A future outlook on its potential in prevention and treatment of diabetes and prediabetic states,” New Journal of Science, 1-15. 2014.
[22] Shan, S.J.J. Tanaka, A. Seki, J.W. Seo, N. Kasajima, S. Tamura, Y. Ke, N. Murakami. “Anti-inflamantory properties of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var Rubra) extract and suppression of nitric oxide production by its constituens,” J. Med. Food, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 156-162. 2010.
[23] Y. Li, Y. Hong, Y. Han, Y. Wang, L. Xia. “Chemical characterization and antioxidant activities comparison in fresh, dried, stir-frying and carbonized ginger,” J. Chromatogr, vol. 1011, pp. 223–232. 2016.
[24] K. Sakulnarmrat, G. Srzednicki, I. Konczak. “Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antipoliferative activity of polifenolic-rich fraction of commercial dry ginger powder,” Int. J. Food Sci Tech, vol. 50, pp. 2229-2235. 2015.
[25] H. Yeh, C. Chuang, C. Wan, T. Chen, L. Lin. “Bioactive component analysis of two various gingers (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and antioxidant effect of ginger extracts,” LWT-Food Sci., Technol, vol. 55, pp. 329-334. 2014.
[26] K.D.P.P. Gunathilake, H.P.V. Rupasinghe. “Inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro byginger extracts,” J. Med. Food, vol. 17, pp. 424-431. 2014.
[27] S.H. Nile, S.W. Park. “Chromatographic analysis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of ginger extracts and its reference compounds,” Ind. Crop. Prod, vol. 70, pp. 238-244. 2015.
[28] H. Chen, J. Fu, H. Chen, Y. Hu, D.N. Soroka, J.R. Prigge, E.E. Schmidt, F. Yan, M.B. Major, X. Chen, et al. “Ginger compound [6]-shogaol and its cysteine-conjugated metabolite (M2) activate Nrf2 in colon epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo,” Chem Res. Toxicol, vol. 27, pp. 1575-1585. 2014.
[29] U.A. Awan, S. Ali, A.M. Shahnawaz, I. Shafique, A. Zafar, M.A.R. Khan, T. Gous, A. Saleem, S. Andled. “Biological activities of Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale extracts on clinically important bacterial pathogens, their phytochemical and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis.” Pak. J. Pharm. Sci, vol. 30, pp. 729-745. 2017.
[30] H. Kim, H. Park. “Ginger extract inhibits biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14,” PLoS ONE, vol. 8, pp. e76106. 2013.
[31] A.S. Chakotiya, A. Tanwar, A. Narula, R.K. Sharma. “Zingiber officinale: its antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mode of action evaluated by flow cytometry,” Microb. Pathogenesis, vol. 107, pp. 254–260. 2017.
[32] H. Kim, H. Park. “Ginger extract inhibits biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14,” PLoS ONE, vol. 8, pp. e76106. 2013.
[33] S. Hasan, M. Danishuddin, A.U. Khan. “Inhibitory effect of Zingiber officinale towards Streptococcus mutans virulence and caries development: in vitro and in vivo studies,” BMC Microbiol, vol. 15, pp. 1. 2015.
[34] S. Rampogu, A. Baek, R.G. Gajula, A. Zeb, R.S. Bavi, R. Kumar, Y. Kim, Y.J. Kwon, K.W. Lee. “Ginger (Zingiber officinale) phytochemicals-gingerenone-A and shogaol inhibit SaHPPK: molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro approaches,” Ann. Clin. Microb, 17, no. 16. 2018.
[35] S.B. Nerilo, G.H.O Rocha, C. Tomoike, S.A.G. Mossini, R. Grespan, J.M.G. Mikcha, M. Machinski Jr. “Antifungal properties and inhibitory effects upon aflatoxin production by Zingiber officinale essential oil in Aspergillus flavus,” Int. J. Food Sci. Tech, vol. 51, pp. 286–292. 2016.
[36] M.M. Garcia Yamamoto-Ribeiro, R. Grespan, C.Y. Kohiyama, F.D. Ferreira, S.A. Galerani Mossini, E.L. Silva, B.A. de Abreu Filho, J.M. Graton Mikcha, M. Machinski Jr. “Effect of Zingiber officinale essential oil on Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin production,” Food Chem, vol. 141, pp. 3147–3152. 2013.
[37] S. Lim, M. Moon, H. Oh, H.G. Kim, S.Y. Kim, M.S. Oh. “Ginger improves cognitive function via NGF-induced ERK/CREB activation in the hippocampus of the mouse.,” J. Nutr. Biochem, vol. 25, pp. 1058–1065. 2014.
[38] G. Park, H.G. Kim, M.S. Ju, S.K. Ha, Y. Park, S.Y. Kim, M.S. Oh. “6-shogaol, an active compound of ginger, protects dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease models via anti-neuroinflammation,” Acta Pharmacol. Sin, vol. 34, pp. 1131–1139. 2013.
[39] S. Ho, K. Chang, C. Lin. “Anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of fresh ginger is attributed mainly to 10-gingerol,” Food Chem, vol. 141, pp. 3183–3191. 2013.
[40] E. Huh, S. Lim, H.G. Kim, S.K. Ha, H. Park, Y. Huh, M.S. Oh. “Ginger fermented with Schizosaccharomyces pombe alleviates memory impairment via protecting hippocampal neuronal cells in amyloid beta (1-42) plaque injected mice,” Food Funct, vol. 9, pp. 171–178. 2018.
[41] Mantiri, NCA. 2013. Perbandingan efek analgesik perasan rimpang jahe merah
(Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dengan aspirin dosis terapi pada mencit (Mus musculus). Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBM)., 1(1): 518-523.
[42] F. Bray, J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomataram, R.L. Siegel, L.A. Torre, A. Jemal. “Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries,” CA Cancer J. Clin, vol. 68, pp. 394–424. 2018.
[43] M. Zang, E. Viennois, M. Prasad, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Zhang, M.K. Han, B. Xiao, C. Xu, S. Srinivasan, et al. “Edible ginger-derived nanoparticles: A novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colitisassociated cancer,” Biomaterials, vol. 101, pp. 321–340. 2016.
[44] A. Saha, J. Blando, E. Silver, L. Beltran, J. Sessler, J. DiGiovanni. “6-Shogaol from dried ginger inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of STAT3 and NF-kappa B signalling,” Cancer Prev. Res, vol. 7, pp. 627–638. 2014.
[45] N.E. El-Ashmawy, N.F. Khedr, H.A. El-Bahrawy, H.E.A. Mansour. “Ginger extract adjuvant to doxorubicin in mammary carcinoma: study of some molecular mechanisms,” Eur. J. Nutr, vol. 57, pp. 981–989. 2018.
[46] K. Sakulnarmrat, G. Srzednicki, I. Konczak. “Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antiproliferative activity of polyphenolic-rich fraction of commercial dry ginger powder,” Int. J. Food Sci. Tech, vol. 50, pp. 2229–2235. 2015.
[47] G.R. Gundala, R. Ukkavilli, C. Yang, P. Yadav, V. Tandon, S. Vangala, S. Prakash, R. Aneja. “Enterohepatic recirculation of bioactive ginger phytochemicals is associated with enhanced tumor growth-inhibitory activity of ginger extract,” Carcinogenesis, vol 35, pp. 1320–1329. 2014.
[48] J. Walstab, D. Krueger, T. Stark, T. Hofmann, I.E. Demir, G.O. Ceyhan, B. Feistel, M. Schemann, B. Niesler. “Ginger and its pungent constituents non-competitively inhibit activation of human recombinant and native 5-HT3 receptors of enteric neurons,” Neurogastroent. Motil, vol. 25, pp. 439–447. 2013.
[49] H.M. Adib, F.S. Hosseini. “Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on postnephrectomy nausea and vomiting,” Complement. Ther. Med, vol. 23, pp. 827–831. 2015.
[50] A. Kalava, S.J. Darji, A. Kalstein, J.M. Yarmush, J. SchianodiCola, J. Weinberg. “Efficacy of ginger on intraoperative and postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective cesarean section patients. Eur,” J. Obstet. Gyn. R. B., vol. 169, pp. 184–188. 2013.
[51] K. Misawa, K. Hashizume, M. Yamamoto, Y. Minegishi, T. Hase, A. Shimotoyodome. “Ginger extract prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta pathway,” J. Nutr. Biochem, vol 26, pp. 1058–1067. 2015.
[52] S. Suk, G.T. Kwon, E. Lee, W.J. Jang, H. Yang, J.H. Kim, N.R. Thimmegowda, M. Chung, J.Y. Kwon, S. Yang, et al. “Gingerenone A, a polyphenol present in ginger, suppresses obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice,” Mol. Nutr. Food Res, vol. 61, pp. 1700139. 2017.
[53] V.E. Attari, A. Ostadrahimi, M.A. Jafarabadi, S. Mehralizadeh, S. Mahluji. “Changes of serum adipocytokines and body weight following Zingiber officinale supplementation in obese women: A RCT,” Eur. J. Nutr, vol. 55, pp. 2129–2136. 2016.
[2] E. R. Syaputri, G.H. Selaras, S.A. Farma. “Manfaat tanaman jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebagai obat obatan tradisional (tradisional medicine),” Prisiding SEMNAS BIO Universitas Negeri Padang, vol. 1, pp. 579-586. 2021.
[3] P.P.B. Pairul, Susianti, S.H. Nasution. “Jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebagai antiulserogenik,” Medula, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 42-46. 2017.
[4] R.A. Gunawan. 2018. “Produktivitas dan kualitas tiga varietas jahe pada berbagai tingkat intenstias cahaya di bawah tegakan tusam,” Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-13. 2018.
[5] BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia). “Statistik Tanaman Biofarmaka Indonesia,” Jakarta, BPS. 2018.
[6] A. Sholikhati, L. Farikhah, M. Ridwanto. “Antioxidant effect in red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) extract during the Covid-19 pandemic,” The 8th International Conference on Public Health, pp. 1157-1162. 2021.
[7] A.N. Kaban, DC. Saleh. “Uji fitokimia, toksisitas dan aktivitas antioksidan fraksi nheksan dan etil asetat terhadap ekstrak jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum),” Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 24-28. 2016
[8] R.D. Supu, A. Diantini, J. Levita. “Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum): Its chemical constituens, pharmacological activities and safety,” Fitofarmaka Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 25-31. 2018.
[9] Q.Q. Mao, X.Y. Xu, S.Y. Cao, R.Y. Gan, H. Corke, T. Beta, H.B. Li. 2019. “Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe),” Foods, vol. 8, pp. 185. 2019.
[10] I.E. Herawati, N.M. Saptarini. 2019. “Fikokimia pada jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Sunti Val),” Majalah Farmasetika, 4(1): 22-27. 2019.
[11] P.T. Lamtiur. “Manfaat jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) terhadap Kadar Asam Urat,” J. Agromed Unila, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 530-535. 2015.
[12] D. Sari, A. Nasuha. “Kandungan zat gizi, fitokimia, dan aktivitas farmakologis pada jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.): review,” Tropical Bioscience, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 11-18. 2021.
[13] I.S. Rohyani, E. Aryanti, Suripto. “Potensi nilai gizi tumbuhan pangan lokal Pulau Lombok sebagai basis penguatan ketahanan pangan nasional,” Jurnal Sains Teknologi dan Lingkungan, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 43-47. 2015.
[14] G.P. Yustika. “Peranan karbohidrat dan serat pangan untuk pemain sepak bola,” Jurnal Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 49-56. 2018.
[15] N. Fuada, B. Setyawati, Salimar, R. Purwandari. “Hubungan pengetahuan makanan sumber zat besi dengan status anemia pada ibu hamil,” MGMI, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 49- 60. 2019.
[16] S. Prasad, K.A. Tyagi. 2015. “Ginger and its constituents: role in prvention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer,” Gastroenterology Research and Practice, pp. 1- 12. 2015.
[17] H. Wohlmuth, D.N. Leach, M.K. Smith, S.P. Myers. “Gingerol content of diploid and tetraploid clones of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe),” J. Agric. Food Chem, vol. 53, no. 14, pp. 5772–5778. 2015.
[18] S. Bhattarai, H.V. Tran, D.C. Duke. “The Stability of gingerol and shogaol in aqueous solution,” Journal of Pharmacetical Sciences, vol. 90, pp. 1658-1664. 2001.
[19] T. Rinanda, R.P. Isnanda, Zulfitri. “Chemical analysis of red ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe var rubrum) essensial oil and its anti-biofilm activity against Candida albicans,” Natural Product Communications, vol. 13, no. 12 pp. 1587-1590. 2018.
[20] S. Dharma, E.S. Adelinda, N. Suharti. “Uji efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol rimpang jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) pada tikus putih,” J. Farmasigea, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 79- 84. 2016.
[21] B.D. Roufogalis. “Zingiber officinale (ginger): A future outlook on its potential in prevention and treatment of diabetes and prediabetic states,” New Journal of Science, 1-15. 2014.
[22] Shan, S.J.J. Tanaka, A. Seki, J.W. Seo, N. Kasajima, S. Tamura, Y. Ke, N. Murakami. “Anti-inflamantory properties of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var Rubra) extract and suppression of nitric oxide production by its constituens,” J. Med. Food, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 156-162. 2010.
[23] Y. Li, Y. Hong, Y. Han, Y. Wang, L. Xia. “Chemical characterization and antioxidant activities comparison in fresh, dried, stir-frying and carbonized ginger,” J. Chromatogr, vol. 1011, pp. 223–232. 2016.
[24] K. Sakulnarmrat, G. Srzednicki, I. Konczak. “Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antipoliferative activity of polifenolic-rich fraction of commercial dry ginger powder,” Int. J. Food Sci Tech, vol. 50, pp. 2229-2235. 2015.
[25] H. Yeh, C. Chuang, C. Wan, T. Chen, L. Lin. “Bioactive component analysis of two various gingers (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and antioxidant effect of ginger extracts,” LWT-Food Sci., Technol, vol. 55, pp. 329-334. 2014.
[26] K.D.P.P. Gunathilake, H.P.V. Rupasinghe. “Inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro byginger extracts,” J. Med. Food, vol. 17, pp. 424-431. 2014.
[27] S.H. Nile, S.W. Park. “Chromatographic analysis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of ginger extracts and its reference compounds,” Ind. Crop. Prod, vol. 70, pp. 238-244. 2015.
[28] H. Chen, J. Fu, H. Chen, Y. Hu, D.N. Soroka, J.R. Prigge, E.E. Schmidt, F. Yan, M.B. Major, X. Chen, et al. “Ginger compound [6]-shogaol and its cysteine-conjugated metabolite (M2) activate Nrf2 in colon epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo,” Chem Res. Toxicol, vol. 27, pp. 1575-1585. 2014.
[29] U.A. Awan, S. Ali, A.M. Shahnawaz, I. Shafique, A. Zafar, M.A.R. Khan, T. Gous, A. Saleem, S. Andled. “Biological activities of Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale extracts on clinically important bacterial pathogens, their phytochemical and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis.” Pak. J. Pharm. Sci, vol. 30, pp. 729-745. 2017.
[30] H. Kim, H. Park. “Ginger extract inhibits biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14,” PLoS ONE, vol. 8, pp. e76106. 2013.
[31] A.S. Chakotiya, A. Tanwar, A. Narula, R.K. Sharma. “Zingiber officinale: its antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mode of action evaluated by flow cytometry,” Microb. Pathogenesis, vol. 107, pp. 254–260. 2017.
[32] H. Kim, H. Park. “Ginger extract inhibits biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14,” PLoS ONE, vol. 8, pp. e76106. 2013.
[33] S. Hasan, M. Danishuddin, A.U. Khan. “Inhibitory effect of Zingiber officinale towards Streptococcus mutans virulence and caries development: in vitro and in vivo studies,” BMC Microbiol, vol. 15, pp. 1. 2015.
[34] S. Rampogu, A. Baek, R.G. Gajula, A. Zeb, R.S. Bavi, R. Kumar, Y. Kim, Y.J. Kwon, K.W. Lee. “Ginger (Zingiber officinale) phytochemicals-gingerenone-A and shogaol inhibit SaHPPK: molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro approaches,” Ann. Clin. Microb, 17, no. 16. 2018.
[35] S.B. Nerilo, G.H.O Rocha, C. Tomoike, S.A.G. Mossini, R. Grespan, J.M.G. Mikcha, M. Machinski Jr. “Antifungal properties and inhibitory effects upon aflatoxin production by Zingiber officinale essential oil in Aspergillus flavus,” Int. J. Food Sci. Tech, vol. 51, pp. 286–292. 2016.
[36] M.M. Garcia Yamamoto-Ribeiro, R. Grespan, C.Y. Kohiyama, F.D. Ferreira, S.A. Galerani Mossini, E.L. Silva, B.A. de Abreu Filho, J.M. Graton Mikcha, M. Machinski Jr. “Effect of Zingiber officinale essential oil on Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin production,” Food Chem, vol. 141, pp. 3147–3152. 2013.
[37] S. Lim, M. Moon, H. Oh, H.G. Kim, S.Y. Kim, M.S. Oh. “Ginger improves cognitive function via NGF-induced ERK/CREB activation in the hippocampus of the mouse.,” J. Nutr. Biochem, vol. 25, pp. 1058–1065. 2014.
[38] G. Park, H.G. Kim, M.S. Ju, S.K. Ha, Y. Park, S.Y. Kim, M.S. Oh. “6-shogaol, an active compound of ginger, protects dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease models via anti-neuroinflammation,” Acta Pharmacol. Sin, vol. 34, pp. 1131–1139. 2013.
[39] S. Ho, K. Chang, C. Lin. “Anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of fresh ginger is attributed mainly to 10-gingerol,” Food Chem, vol. 141, pp. 3183–3191. 2013.
[40] E. Huh, S. Lim, H.G. Kim, S.K. Ha, H. Park, Y. Huh, M.S. Oh. “Ginger fermented with Schizosaccharomyces pombe alleviates memory impairment via protecting hippocampal neuronal cells in amyloid beta (1-42) plaque injected mice,” Food Funct, vol. 9, pp. 171–178. 2018.
[41] Mantiri, NCA. 2013. Perbandingan efek analgesik perasan rimpang jahe merah
(Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dengan aspirin dosis terapi pada mencit (Mus musculus). Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBM)., 1(1): 518-523.
[42] F. Bray, J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomataram, R.L. Siegel, L.A. Torre, A. Jemal. “Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries,” CA Cancer J. Clin, vol. 68, pp. 394–424. 2018.
[43] M. Zang, E. Viennois, M. Prasad, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Zhang, M.K. Han, B. Xiao, C. Xu, S. Srinivasan, et al. “Edible ginger-derived nanoparticles: A novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colitisassociated cancer,” Biomaterials, vol. 101, pp. 321–340. 2016.
[44] A. Saha, J. Blando, E. Silver, L. Beltran, J. Sessler, J. DiGiovanni. “6-Shogaol from dried ginger inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of STAT3 and NF-kappa B signalling,” Cancer Prev. Res, vol. 7, pp. 627–638. 2014.
[45] N.E. El-Ashmawy, N.F. Khedr, H.A. El-Bahrawy, H.E.A. Mansour. “Ginger extract adjuvant to doxorubicin in mammary carcinoma: study of some molecular mechanisms,” Eur. J. Nutr, vol. 57, pp. 981–989. 2018.
[46] K. Sakulnarmrat, G. Srzednicki, I. Konczak. “Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antiproliferative activity of polyphenolic-rich fraction of commercial dry ginger powder,” Int. J. Food Sci. Tech, vol. 50, pp. 2229–2235. 2015.
[47] G.R. Gundala, R. Ukkavilli, C. Yang, P. Yadav, V. Tandon, S. Vangala, S. Prakash, R. Aneja. “Enterohepatic recirculation of bioactive ginger phytochemicals is associated with enhanced tumor growth-inhibitory activity of ginger extract,” Carcinogenesis, vol 35, pp. 1320–1329. 2014.
[48] J. Walstab, D. Krueger, T. Stark, T. Hofmann, I.E. Demir, G.O. Ceyhan, B. Feistel, M. Schemann, B. Niesler. “Ginger and its pungent constituents non-competitively inhibit activation of human recombinant and native 5-HT3 receptors of enteric neurons,” Neurogastroent. Motil, vol. 25, pp. 439–447. 2013.
[49] H.M. Adib, F.S. Hosseini. “Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on postnephrectomy nausea and vomiting,” Complement. Ther. Med, vol. 23, pp. 827–831. 2015.
[50] A. Kalava, S.J. Darji, A. Kalstein, J.M. Yarmush, J. SchianodiCola, J. Weinberg. “Efficacy of ginger on intraoperative and postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective cesarean section patients. Eur,” J. Obstet. Gyn. R. B., vol. 169, pp. 184–188. 2013.
[51] K. Misawa, K. Hashizume, M. Yamamoto, Y. Minegishi, T. Hase, A. Shimotoyodome. “Ginger extract prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta pathway,” J. Nutr. Biochem, vol 26, pp. 1058–1067. 2015.
[52] S. Suk, G.T. Kwon, E. Lee, W.J. Jang, H. Yang, J.H. Kim, N.R. Thimmegowda, M. Chung, J.Y. Kwon, S. Yang, et al. “Gingerenone A, a polyphenol present in ginger, suppresses obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice,” Mol. Nutr. Food Res, vol. 61, pp. 1700139. 2017.
[53] V.E. Attari, A. Ostadrahimi, M.A. Jafarabadi, S. Mehralizadeh, S. Mahluji. “Changes of serum adipocytokines and body weight following Zingiber officinale supplementation in obese women: A RCT,” Eur. J. Nutr, vol. 55, pp. 2129–2136. 2016.
Downloads
Published
2023-01-04
How to Cite
Sholikhati, A., Kurnia, S. D., & Farikhah, L. (2023). Senyawa Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Farmakologis pada Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum): Review. Prosiding University Research Colloquium, 82–94. Retrieved from https://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/2422
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Anisa Sholikhati, Shinta Dwi Kurnia, Lailatul Farikhah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
