Respiratory Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Patients with Breathlessness: Literature Review
Keywords:
COVID-19, Respiratory, Rehabilitation, Shortness of BreathAbstract
COVID-19 attacks the respiratory system caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Indonesia, as many as 32% of patients infected with SARS-CoV2 require ICU care. Patients are more likely to experience shortness of breath and death. Rehabilitation efforts in physical medicine specialists and medical rehabilitation are very important in improving respiratory function. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze respiratory rehabilitation efforts in COVID-19 patients with shortness of breath. This research is a literature review type using the PRISMA method. Data were collected by browsing the Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The search results obtained 2,982 articles, then 11 articles were carried out with a literature review. In 11 articles analyzed, it was found that respiratory rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients can be carried out by administering oxygen therapy including (Nasal Canula (NC), endotracheal intubation, and tracheostomy). Breathing exercises include (pursed lip breathing, slow deep breathing, prone position, and regular breathing in a forward leaning position). Airway clearance techniques include (huffing, control cough, incentive spirometry, postural drainage, and sputum clearance) and passive exercises in bed. In conclusion, there is no better rehabilitation program. The rehabilitation program should be given as early as possible to achieve maximum stability in a shorter time.
References
[2] Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, “Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MenKes/413/2020 Tentang Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19),” MenKes/413/2020, vol. 2019, p. 207, 2020.
[3] WHO, “WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard,” covid19.who.int, 2021. https://covid19.who.int (accessed Sep. 02, 2021).
[4] S. Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19, “Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19,” covid19.go.id, 2021. https://covid19.go.id (accessed Sep. 02, 2021).
[5] P. Zhou et al., “A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin,” Nature, vol. 579, no. 7798, pp. 270–273, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.
[6] A. Rozaliyani et al., “Factors Associated with Death in COVID-19 Patients in Jakarta, Indonesia: An Epidemiological Study,” Acta Med. Indones., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 246–254, 2020.
[7] J. A. Perioperatif, M. Yudha, A. Dewi, A. Irfan, W. Atlet, and K. Jakarta, “Laporan kasus,” vol. 9, no. 13, pp. 127–134, 2021.
[8] W. Guan et al., “Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis,” Pneumologie, vol. 55, no. 10, p. 640, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00547-2020.
[9] S. Soedarsono et al., “Case Report: Survival of A Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) Patient with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,” Folia Medica Indones., vol. 56, no. 3, p. 235, 2021, doi: 10.20473/fmi.v56i3.24584.
[10] P. Boldrini et al., “Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on rehabilitation services and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine physicians’ activities in Italy An official document of the Italian PRM Society (SIMFER),” Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 315–318, 2020, doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06256-5.
[11] T. J. Wang, B. Chau, M. Lui, G. T. Lam, N. Lin, and S. Humbert, “Physical medicine and rehabilitation and pulmonary rehabilitation for COVID-19,” Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil., vol. 99, no. 9, pp. 769–774, 2020, doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001505.
[12] A.- Marzali, “Menulis Kajian Literatur : E T N O S I A Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia Terbit,” ETNOSIA J. Etnogr. Indones., vol. 1, no. 2, p. 27, 2017.
[13] S. Pancera et al., “Feasibility and Efficacy of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in a Rehabilitation Center: CASE REPORT of A YOUNG PATIENT DEVELOPING SEVERE COVID-19 ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME,” J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 206–208, 2020, doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000529.
[14] K. Liu, W. Zhang, Y. Yang, J. Zhang, Y. Li, and Y. Chen, “Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study,” Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract., vol. 39, no. January, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101166.
[15] Y. Jiang et al., “Importance of respiratory airway management as well as psychological and rehabilitative treatments to COVID-19 patients,” Am. J. Emerg. Med., vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1698.e1-1698.e4, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.055.
[16] M. S. Firstenberg, P. F. Stahel, J. Hanna, C. Kotaru, J. Crossno, and J. Forrester, “Successful COVID-19 rescue therapy by extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure: A case report,” Patient Saf. Surg., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2020, doi: 10.1186/s13037-020-00245-7.
[17] K. Ramanathan et al., “Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this for unrestricted research re-use a,” no. January, pp. 19–21, 2020.
[18] P. Arzani, M. Khalkhali Zavieh, K. Khademi-Kalantari, and A. Akbarzadeh Baghban, “Pulmonary rehabilitation and exercise therapy in a patient with COVID-19: A Case report,” Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran, vol. 2020, 2020, doi: 10.47176/mjiri.34.106.
[19] S. Tham, P. Ong, A. Lee, and M. Tay, “Rehabilitation of patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome in COVID-19 pneumonia: Two case reports,” J. Rehabil. Med. – Clin. Commun., vol. 3, no. 1, p. jrmcc00042, 2020, doi: 10.2340/20030711-1000044.
[20] D. McWilliams, J. Weblin, J. Hodson, T. Veenith, T. Whitehouse, and C. Snelson, “Rehabilitation Levels in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Requiring Invasive Ventilation An Observational Study,” Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 122–129, 2021, doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202005-560OC.
[21] F. Ulutas, S. S. N. Öztekin, and F. Ardiç, “Role of rehabilitation in a COVID-19 survivor with intensive care unit-Acquired weakness: A case report,” Turkish J. Phys. Med. Rehabil., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 115–119, 2021, doi: 10.5606/TFTRD.2021.7457.
[22] I. M. Y. Prabawa, D. Silakarma, I. B. A. P. Manuaba, M. Widnyana, and A. Jeviana, “Chest therapy and breathing exercise in covid-19 patient: A case report,” Bali Med. J., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 495–498, 2021, doi: 10.15562/bmj.v10i2.2403.
[23] T. Kinoshita et al., “Case Report: A Rehabilitation Practice Report During ICU Management for a Patient With Multiple Disabilities Due to COVID-19 Pneumonia and COPD,” Front. Med., vol. 8, no. June, pp. 1–6, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.692898.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Agung Cuby Hantoro, Siti Soekiswati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
