Peran Bakteri Wolbachia Terhadap Pengendalian Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Aedes aegypti
Keywords:
Wolbachia, ketidakcocokan sitoplasma, demam berdarah dengueAbstract
Demam berdarah dengue masih menjadi masalah di berbagai belahan dunia. Untuk itu diperlukan metode pengendalian vektor antara lain melalui penggunaan insektisida meskipun dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Tindakan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) dan teknik serangga mandul (TSM), namun metode ini kurang efektif. Hal tersebut mendorong dikembangkannya metode alternatif baru seperti penggunaan bakteri Wolbachia. Bakteri Wolbachia mampu menghambat replikasi virus dengue, sehingga ketika nyamuk betina ber-Wolbachia menghisap darah manusia yang mengandung virus dengue. Nyamuk tersebut tidak dapat menularkan virus dengue ke manusia lain dan menyebabkan ketidakcocokan sitoplasma ketika nyamuk betina tidak ber-Wolbachia kawin dengan nyamuk jantan ber-Wolbachia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran bakteri Wolbachia terhadap pengendalian vektor demam berdarah dengue Aedes aegypti. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode literature melalui penelusuran dengan menggunakan database google scholar, pubmed, dan sciene direct. Hasil penelitian bakteri Wolbachia mampu menginduksi ketidakcocokan sitoplasma dan menyebabkan kematian embrio. Strain w MelPop-CLA memperpendek umur dan memblok transmisi DENV2. Strain w Mel menyebakan penurunan viabilitas telur, menurunkan kemampuan menghisap darah, dan menurunkan titer virus di dalam saliva nyamuk sehingga dapat menurunkan prevalensi penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Simpulan bakteri Wolbachia memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif dalam upaya pengendalian vektor demam berdarah dengue (DBD) Aedes aegypti.
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